教育論─教育とは？教育の場，学習と教授

Education is the process by which people acquire knowledge, skills, habits, values, or attitudes. The word education is also used to describe the results of the educational process. Education] should help people become useful members of society. It should also help them develop an appreciation of their *cultural heritage and live more satisfying lives. The most common way to get an education is to attend school. But much education also takes place outside the classroom.

Education involves both learning and teaching. Sometimes, people learn by teaching themselves. But they also learn with the help of other people, such as parents or teachers. Parents are a child's first and perhaps most important teachers. Parents teach their children attitudes, habits, and values that help shape their character and remain with them throughout life. But few parents have either the time or the ability to teach their children everything they need to know. Instead, they turn over many educational responsibilities to professional educators. Teachers and schools have the chief responsibility for education. The organized instruction they provide is called formal education. Learning that results from less-organized instruction is called informal education]. Churches, which are established mainly for worship, educate their members through church teachings. Libraries, newspapers, and such organizations as the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts also educate people. Radio and television are especially effective means of education. For example, various TV programs provided by public television stations give millions of children in the United States valuable learning experiences.

*cultural heritage：文化遺産

【全文訳】
教育とは、人々が知識、技能、習慣、価値観、態度を習得する過程である。教育という言葉は、また、教育のプロセスがもたらす諸効果を言い表すために用いられることもある。教育は、人々が社会の有用な成員となることに力を貸すものでなければならない。さらにまた、自分たちの文化遺産を正しく理解する能力を伸ばしてやることで、より一層満足度の高い生活を送れるよう機能するものでなければならない。教育を受ける最も一般的な方法は、学校に通うことである。しかし、教室外でも同様に、多くの教育が行われているのである。

　教育とは、学習と教授とを2つながらに意味するものでもある、時に、人は、自学自習によって学ぶことがあるが、そうした場合でも、たとえば親や教師といった他者の助力があるものだ。親は、子供にとって最初の、そしておそらくは最も重要な教師なのだ。 親は自分の子供に、人格形成を助け、かつ生涯子供についてまわる態度、習慣、価値観を教える。しかし、子供がわかっていなければならない、ありとあらゆることを教えられる時間と能力とを持ち合わせている親はほとんどいない。それどころか、多くの教育責任を専門職としての教師たちに委ねてしまうのである。教師と学校は、教育に関する主要な責任を担っている。彼らが提供する体系的な指導は正規(formal)の教育と呼ばれている。また、それほど体系的ではない指導によりもたらされうる学習は非正規(informal)の教育と呼ばれている。たとえば教会は、主として礼拝のために設
けられているものだが、その教義により成員を教育する。図書館、新聞、ボーイスカウト・ガールスカウトといった組織体もまた人々を教育する。ラジオやテレビは特に効果的な教育手段である。たとえば、公共のテレビ局により放送されるさまざまなテレビ番組は、合衆国の何百万人という子供たちに貴重な学習体験を与えるのである。

【構文研究】
〈　　〉：名詞節　　［　　］：形容詞節　　（　　）：副詞節

《第１パラグラフ》
[1] Education is the process
［by which /
people acquire knowledge,
skills,
habits,
values,
or
attitudes］.

[2] The word education /
is also used /
to describe the results of the educational process.

[3] Education should help people /
become useful members of society.

[4] It should also help them /
develop an appreciation
of
their *cultural heritage
and
live more satisfying lives.

[5] The most common way / to get an education /
is
to attend school.

[6] But /
much education also takes place / outside the classroom.

《第２パラグラフ》
[1] Education involves both learning and teaching.

[2] Sometimes,/
people learn /
by teaching themselves.

[3] But /
they also learn /
with the help of other people,/
such as parents or teachers.

[4] Parents
are
a child's first and perhaps most important teachers.

[5] Parents teach their children /
attitudes, habits, and values
［that help shape their character /
and
remain / with them /
throughout life］.

[6] But /
few parents have either the time /
or
the ability /
to teach their children /
everything［they need to know］.

[7] Instead,/
they turn over many educational responsibilities /
to professional educators.

[8] Teachers and schools /
have
the chief responsibility / for education.

[9] The organized instruction［they provide］
is called
formal education.

[10]Learning［that results from less-organized instruction］
is called
informal education.

[11]Churches,［which are established / mainly for worship］,
educate
their members / through church teachings.

[12]Libraries, newspapers,
and
such organizations / as the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts /
also educate people.

[13]Radio and television /
are
especially effective means of education.

[14]For example,/
various TV programs / provided by public television stations /
give millions of children in the United States /
valuable learning experiences.